Book Chapter

Published

  • “The Influence of African Music in the Americas.” The African Presence and Influence on the Culture of the Americas. Brenda M. Greene, ed. Cambridge Scholar Publishing, UK 2010.

Articles

Published

  • “Juan Luis Guerra and the Merengue: Toward a New Dominican National Identity.” Proceedings of the First Interdisciplinary Conference on the Future of Dominican Studies: Charting the Course.City College and Hostos College of the City University of New York. Also under Monograph Series label of the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute.
  • “European Music Meets the New World: Sor Juana Inés as an echo (literacy, gender and multi-cultural education).” Hofstra Hispanic Review, No. 5. Miguel Angel Zapata, ed. Hofstra University, NY Spring, 2008.
  • “The influence of Puerto Rican Music in the U.S.A.” Cultura (official publication of the Puerto Rico. Cultural Affairs Office), San Juan, PR 1998.
  • “Voice and Afro-American Music,” Atríl (publication of Pro-Arte Association), San Juan, PR 1994.

In progress

  • A Panoramic View of Music Education in Puerto Rico.” Music Education in the Caribbean and Latin America. R&L Education (a division of Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.) and MENC: National Association of Music Education.

Submitted for Publication

  • “Music and Words: Connecting the Love of Music with Writing” (with co-author Eileen Kennedy).
  • “Puerto Ricans and Music Education in the U.S.A.: Issues and Challenges.”
  • “Don Quixote and Music in 400 Years.”

Music Reviews

Seventy-two critical articles on classic music performances in El Vocero and El Mundo Newspapers from 1997-2000, San Juan, PR

  • “Termina Casals con humanidad.” June 27, 2000
  • “Gran inicio de Casals.” June 2, 2000
  • “Bella Madame.” May 4, 2000
  • “Preciosa Larmore.” March 29, 2000
  • “Merecido homenaje y buena producción.” March 9, 2000
  • “Ramos y el octeto de cellos: exquisitas sonoridades.” March 7, 2000
  • “Concierto de Bellas Artes.” March 4, 2000
  • “De altura Wook Yoo y la Sinfónica.” February 9, 2000
  • “Pegorelich: un pianista sin igual.” February 6, 2000
  • “De película la Sinfónica.” February 4, 2000
  • “Talento joven con futuro prometedor.” February 2, 2000
  • “Una corte jocosa y picaresca.” January 25, 2000
  • “La Sinfónica reabre el Caribe Hilton.” December 23, 1999
  • “Un Mesias memorable.” December 23, 1999
  • “Refrescante y ameno concierto.” December 18, 1999
  • “Vivo y festivo el grupo Tafelmusik.” December 11, 1999
  • “Viaje fantástico por la galaxia.” November 15, 1999
  • “Electrificante “Dream Team.” November 10, 1999
  • “Tosca…una grata sorpresa.” November 8, 1999
  • “Recordando a Casals.” October 29, 1999
  • “El barbero de Sevilla.” October 26, 1999
  • “Exquisita gala otoñal.” October 8, 1999
  • “La Sinfónica en su mejor momento.” October 5, 1999
  • “La Sinfónica entre lo popular y lo clásico.” September 29, 1999
  • “Monumental concierto a Schubert.” September 17, 1999
  • “Gran noche para la música.” September 15, 1999
  • “Larmore: una vigorosa voz.” September 10, 1999
  • “Aller Brahms”. August 18, 1999
  • “Yali Marie y Vallazón: revalidan con sus voces.” August 10, 1999
  • “Concierto 59 minutos 13.4 segundos.” August 8, 1999
  • “Festival Casals termina grandiosamente.” June 18, 1999
  • “Eschenbach ilumina el Festival Casals.” June  17, 1999
  • “Buenas ideas en un final felíz.” June  15, 1999
  • “Casals para los niños.” June 13, 1999
  • “Una noche llena de música.“ June 12, 1999
  • “Cuarto concierto del Festival Casals.” June 11, 1999
  • “Tercer concierto del Festival Casals.”  June 10, 1999
  • “Segundo concierto de Casals.” June 8, 1999
  • “Magnífico concierto especial de Broadway.” May 21, 1999
  • “Ágil y amena la zarzuela Los Gavilanes.” May 21, 1999
  • “Cierre de temporada de la Orquesta Sinfónica.” May 7, 1999
  • “Excelente concierto de música de cámara.” April 26, 1999
  • “Operalia 99…una noche inolvidable.” April 15, 1999
  • “Noche de ganadores.“April 14, 1999
  • “Undécimo concierto de la Sinfónica.” April 9, 1999
  • “Ternura y gran sensibilidad.” April 9, 1999
  • “Leon Fleischer: ejemplo de superación.” March 21, 1999
  • “Haydn también hubiera aplaudido.” March 9, 1999
  • “La Boheme, tesoro nacional.” March 8, 1999
  • “A fin de siglo se ven los frutos de la educación musical vocal en Puerto Rico.” March 4-6, 1999
  • “Elogio a la juventud.” March 2, 1999
  • “Concierto pro arte musical.” February 6, 1999
  • “Ben Heppner: magia y carisma.” January 30, 1999
  • “Año dinámico para la música clásica.” January 28, 1999
  • “Vibrante Viktoria Mullova.” January 27, 1999
  • “María la O: artística conjución de talento.” January 23-24, 1999
  • “Concierto Orquesta Sinfónica.” January 16, 1999

Feature Articles

Invited columnist by the El Vocero and El Mundo Newspapers

  • “Requiem por Tito Puente.” June 12, 2000
  • “Mi amigo Pablito.” February 9, 2000
  • “Influencia imponente en todos los niveles.” March 1, 1999
  • “La música latina en el rock.” February 28, 1999
  • “Grupos famosos de los años 50.” February 27, 1999
  • “Los Titos impregnan música popular.” February 26, 1999
  • “Pasos trascendentales al norte.” February 25, 1999
  • “Aportaciones enriquecedoras.” February 24, 1999
  • “El Jazz cobra fuerza.” February 23, 1999
  • “Llegan con sabor a salsa.” February 22, 1999
  • “Los instrumentistas y compositores.” February 21, 1999
  • “Contribuciones en la ópera.” February 20, 1999
  • “Un legado de huellas profundas.” February 19, 1999
  • “Siembra clásica a principio del siglo.” February 18, 1999
  • “Serie especial, música boricua en los Estados Unidos.” February 17, 1999

Music Commentary

“Paquito López-Vidal.” Cristobal Díaz Ayala, editor. Antología de las cien mejores canciones populares puertorriqueños del siglo XX, Disco Hit, San Juan, PR 1999

Lectures/Presentations/Keynotes

  • Building Musicianship and Literacy Through Songwriting [workshop]. 30th ISME (International Society of Music Education) World Conference, Thessaloniki, Greece, July 15-20, 2012
  • Symposia on the Music Education in Latin America and the Caribbean: a Cross Cultural and Historical Perspective. 29th ISME (International
    Society of Music Education) World Conference, Beijing, China, August 1-6, 2010
  • Music Education Across the Globe: An Inspiring Story of Building International Partnerships in the Quest for Music Education in Palestine. 29th ISME (International Society of Music Education) World Conference, Beijing, China, August 1-6, 2010
  • Symposia on the Music Education in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Cross Cultural and Historical Perspective. 29th ISME (International Society of Music Education) World Conference, Beijing, China, August 1-6, 2010
  • Understanding and Embracing Latin Music in the Classroom: an Opportunity for Cultural Inclusion, Appreciation, History and Literacy. New Jersey Music Educators Association’s New Jersey State Conference, New Brunswick, NJ, February 19, 2009.
  • Multi-Cultural Music Education in a Bilingual Setting: Puerto Rico. 28th ISME (International Society of Music Education) World Conference, Bologna, Italy, July 23-27, 2008.
  • Understanding and Embracing Latin Music Genres into the Classroom: an Opportunity for Cultural Inclusion, Appreciation, History and Literacy. 28th ISME (International Society of Music Education) World Conference, Bologna, Italy, July 23-27, 2008.
  • Building Musicianship and Literacy Through Songwriting [a workshop]. Winter Conference of the New York State School Music Association (NYSSMA) December 1, 2007.
  • Arranging Music to Your Students’ Needs [a clinic]. Winter Conference of the New York State School Music Association (NYSSMA) December 1, 2007.
  • Understanding and Embracing Latin Music Genres into the Classroom: an opportunity for cultural inclusion. appreciation, history and literacy [a workshop]. National Conference of the College Music Society (CMS) in Salt Lake City from November 18, 2007.
    Also at the Winter Conference of the New York State School Music Association (NYSSMA) December 1, 2007.
  • Music Education in a Bilingual/Bicultural Setting: Puerto Rico as a Case Study [a workshop]. National Conference of the College Music Society (CMS) in Salt Lake City from November 17, 2007.
  • Music and Language Composition: a Comparison. Together with Dr. Eileen Kennedy. 3rd Annual    Conference on Educating English Language Learners K-16. Hostos Community College (CUNY) September 28, 2007.
  • The Influence of Sephardic Music to Latin Music” as part of the Sephardic Music: a Judeo-Spanish Recital. The Jewish Diaspora in Latin America and the Caribbean: a Multidisciplinary Conference Latin America Conference. Hostos College of the City University of New York (CUNY). April 17, 2007.
  • The Influence of African Music in the Americas.” The African Presence and Influence on the Culture of the Americas: an Inter-Disciplinary Conference. Borough of Manhattan Community College (CUNY). November 9, 2006.
  • Respect and Academic Freedom in the Diverse College.” Community College Humanities Association. Providence, RI. November 2, 2006.
  • Moderator in the panel: “Three pioneers of Latin America Jewish literature”
    Participants: Regina Igel, Edna Aizenberg and Jairo Taylor. As part of the Jewish Diaspora in Latin America and the Caribbean: a Multidisciplinary Conference. Hostos College (CUNY), NY April 17, 2007.
  • Juan Luis Guerra and the New Dominican Identity. Dominican Symposium. Hostos College (CUNY), NY May 2006
  • European Music Meets the New World: Sor Juana Inés as an echo – 7th Latina Writer’s International Congress. Hostos College of the City University of New York 2006.
    Keynote Speaker
  • Don Quixote and Music: 400 Years of History. Lecciones del Quixote – Quixote’s Legacy: a Bilingual Symposium. Hostos College (CUNY) 2005.
    Keynote Speaker
  • Composers on Traditional and Art Music: A Cultural Synthesis. College Music Society Annual Meeting. Miami, FL 2003
    Originator and participant with Tania León, Aurelio de la Vega, Jorge Luis Gonzalez and Donald Thompson
  • The Influence of Folk Music in the Creative Process of a Classical Composer in the Caribbean and Latin America. International Conference on Latin American Studies “Re-Defining Latin American Identity in the XXI Century”, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 2003
  • Contemporary Music-Diverse Landscape: Pluralism or a Style? College Music Society Annual Meeting. Kansas City, MI 2002
    Originator: with Marshall Bialovsky
  • It’s not Black and White: Women and Vernacular Traditions. College Music Society Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MI, 2002
  • Popular Music in Higher Education: Tips and Techniques, College Music Society Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MI, 2002
  • Marketing. (Chair) College Music Society Annual Meeting. Kansas City, MI 2002
  • Early XX Century Music. (Chair) College Music Society Annual Meeting. Kansas City, MI 2002
  • Cross-Over Redefined – Defying Definitions.” Storm King Music Festival. Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY 2002
  • Eclectic Tradition – What are Composers Writing that Is New Today? Composers Roundtables. Storm King Music Festival. Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY 2002
  • Music and Film, Storm King Festival, Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY, 2002
  • Puerto Rico in the USA: Trends in Music, Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY 2001
  • The influence of the Puerto Rican Music in the U.S. Lecture series in commemoration of the Centennial. Department of State, San Juan, PR 1998
    •Salsa: Puerto Rican or Cuban?, International Research Conference on Popular Music in Latin America. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 1997
  • An Overview of Today’s Concert Music In Puerto Rico, Latin American Music Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 1996
  • An Overview of late 20th Century Music, Montclair State University, Upper Montclair, NJ 1996
  • The Current Trends in Latin American Concert Music, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 1996
  • Programmatic or Absolute Music, NJ Chamber Music Society, Upper Montclair, NJ 1996
  • Music and Architecture, School of Architecture, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR 1995
  • A Discussion of the Works of Raymond Torres-Santos, Rotary Club of San Juan, San Juan, PR 1995
  • The Current Situation of Music Education, Banker’s Club of San Juan, San Juan, PR 1995
  • Ruben Blades: Seen Through the Musical Structures of Salsa, First Encounter on the Caribbean Popular Culture, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR 1993
  • Sibelius’ Symphonies, Puerto Rico Symphony Association, San Juan, PR 1993
  • New Trends in Music, Puerto Rico Symphony Association, San Juan, PR 1992
  • An Overview of Film Music, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 1987
  • Music and Computers, Casals Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico, and the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PR 1986

Awards

  • American Composers Forum, New Jersey Continental Harmony, Newark, NJ 2000
  • American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers Special Award (ASCAP), New York, NY 1980,1986,1990,1992-98, 2000-
  • Paoli Award for best classical recording, San Juan, PR 1997
  • Composer/Pianist/Conductor Award, Institute of Puerto Rico, New York, NY 1997
  • Meet the Composer, New York 1988, 1991
  • Clinton Webb Award, Los Angeles, CA 1983
  • Government of Germany Fellowship, Darmstadt, Germany 1982
  • Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Award, New York, NY 1982
  • Atwater Kent Award, Los Angeles, CA 1982
  • Henry Mancini Award for Motion Picture and T.V. Composition, Los Angeles, CA 1981
  • Frank Sinatra Award in Jazz Composition and Arranging, Los Angeles, CA 1980

Grants

  • Sloan Foundation, City University of New York, 2007
  • PSC/CUNY Grant, City University of New York, 2005/2006
  • Meet the Composer, New York, NY 1988, 1990 & 2001
  • American Music Center, New York, NY 1990
  • California State University, CA 1987-1990
  • University of Puerto Rico, PR 1980-1986
  • German Government Fellowship, Darmstadt, Germany 1982
  • Puerto Rico Institute of Culture, PR 1980-1986

Honors

  • Member, Advisory Committee, Latin American Writers. New York 2006-
  • Member, Advisory Committee & Chair, Diversity Committee, College Music Society, 2001-2003
  • Member, Professional Life Initiative Task Force, College Music Society, 2001-2003
  • Program Coordinator: 1998 College Music Society National Conference, San Juan, PR 1998
  • Conductor Associate, Conductors Institute, University of South Carolina, 1998
  • Conductor Associate, Conductors Workshop, American Symphony Orchestra League, NY 1998
  • Guest Composer, Sonidos de las Americas: American Composers Orchestra. Carnegie Hall, New York City, NY 1997.
  • Associate Composer, Crossroads of Traditions: The Second Inter-American Composition Workshop. Latin American Music Center, Indiana University, IN 1996
  • Composer Fellow, ASCAP Film Music Workshop, Los Angeles, CA 1990
  • Composer Fellow, BMI Film Scoring Workshop, Los Angeles, CA 1989

Selected Citations (Bibliography)

  • Álvarez, Luis Manuel
  • Negrón Almodóvar, Coral N. “Esplendor musical del cine puertorriqueño.” El Nuevo Día (San Juan). June 29, 2015, p. 51 (Flash & Culture)
  • Rodriguez, Jorge. “Inspirador para todos los sentidos”. El Vocero (San Juan). June 30, 2015, p. 30 (Escenario)
  • Rodriguez, Jorge. “Fusión de artes en concierto aniverario dl MAPR”. El Vocero (San Juan). June 25, 2015, p. 29 (Escenario)
  • Negrón Almodóvar, Coral N. “Celebran con la Filarmónica.” El Nuevo Día (San Juan). June 19, 2015, pp. 70-71 (Flash & Culture)
  • Rodriguez, Jorge. “60 años de música y cine en el MAPR.” El Vocero (San Juan). June 10, 2015, p. 24 (Escenario)
  • Ríos, Eliezer. “Celebran con la Filarmónica.” El Nuevo Día (San Juan). June 5, 2015, p. 67
  • Negrón-Almodóvar, Coral N. “Recorrido por la historia musical del cine boricua.” El Nuevo Día (San Juan). Flash & Culture, pp. 70.71
  • Rodriguez, Jorge. “Raymond Torres-Santos: Música Cinematográfica Puertorriqueña.” El Vocero (San Juan), May 2015.
  • Da Gama, Raúl. “Raymond Torres-Santos: Antillano.” Latin Jazz Network. http://latinjazznet.com/2015/05/21/reviews/cds/raymond-torres-santos-antillano/ May 21, 2015
  • Hernández-Mergal, Luis. “Cierre del Festival Casals.” El Nuevo Día (San Juan). March 17, 2014
  • Rodriguez, Jorge. “Raymond Torres: Transforma en sinfonía misterio de la vida.” January 27, 2014, p. 30 (Escenario)
  • Hernández Damaris. “Da vida a un jazz-aguinaldo.” El Nuevo Día (San Juan). December 22, 2013, pp. 94-95
  • Hernández-Mergal, Luis. “Exquisita velada de celebración.” El Nuevo Día (San Juan). June 11, 2013
  • de Quadros, André, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Choral Music (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press 2012), p. 51
  • Surhone, Lambert M., Marian T. Tennoe and Susan F. Henssonow, ed. “Raymond Torres-Santos,” (Mauritius: BetaScript Publishing, 2011)
  • Hoover, Maya, ed. “Guide to the Latin American Art Song Repertoire: An Annotated Catalog of Twentieth-Century Art Songs for Voice and Piano. Indiana University Press, 2010
  • Burgess, Michael. The Coyote Chronicles: A Chronological History of California State University, San Bernardino 1960-2010 (Wild Side Books, 2010), p. 252
  • Hoover, Maya Frieman, ed. “Guide to the Latin American Art Song Repertoire: An Annotated Catalog of Twentieth-Century Art Songs for Voice and Piano.” Indiana University Press 2010
  • Rodríguez, Jorge. “La canción de las Americas”. Escenario. Música. El Vocero (San Juan). November 6, 2009
  • Hernández, Carmen Dolores. “El músico y la golondrina: la historia de una ópera”. La Revista. Creación. El Nuevo Día (San Juan). October 7, 2007
  • Chase, Robert, ed. “Raymond Torres-Santos,” Momento Mori (Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2007) pp. 268-270
  • Toro Vargas, Cirilo. “Raymond Torres-Santos,” Diccionario biográfico de compositores Puertorriqueños. 2nd edition (Ponce, Puerto Rico: Guayacán, 2006) p. 265
  • Rivera José. Roberto Sierra’s Missa Latina: Musical Analysis and Historical Perspectives. Doctoral dissertation. Florida State University, 2006, p. 27
  • Flores, Marco. Puerto Rican Contemporary Piano Repertoire: a Performance Project. Doctoral dissertation. Arizona State University, 2005
  • Kuss, Malena, ed. “Puerto Rico,” Music in Latin America and the Caribbean, vol. 2 of Performing the Caribbean Experience: an Encyclopedia History (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004), pp. 176-177
  • Olivieri, Luis. “Panorama de la actividad coral Puertorriqueña,” in Resonancias: Revista Puertorriqueña de Música (San Juan, Puerto Rico: Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, December 2004), Num. 8 (December 2004), pp. 31-32
  • Who’s Who in Classical Music 2003. Europa Publications, 2003
  • Strimple, Nick. Choral Music in the Twentieth Century (Pompton Plains, New Jersey: Amadeus Press 2002), p. 206
  • Hall, Charles J. “1958-Composers,” Chronology of Western Classical Music: 1751-1900 (New York, New York: Routledge 2002), p. 972
  • Alonso, Ernesto. The String Quartets in Puerto Rico: Repertory and Organization. Doctoral dissertation. Catholic University of America, Washington, DC. 2002, pp.196-204
  • Casares Rodicio, Emilio, ed. “Raymond Torres-Santos,” Diccionario de la Música Española e Hispanoamericana (Madrid: Sociedad General de Autores y Editores, 1999-2002), vol. 10, pp. 419-420 (includes photo)
  • Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrell, ed. “Raymond Torres-Santos,” The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition (London: MacMillan, 2001), vol. 25, p. 632
  • Heintze, James R. Michael Saffle. Reflections on American Music: The Twentieth Century and the New Millennium: a collection of Essays in Honor of the College Music Society. (Pendragon Press 2000), p. 350
  • Olivieri, Luis. “A Short History of Choral Music in Puerto Rico,” in International Choral Bulletin 20/2, (2000), p. 24
  • Loza, Steve. Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American Music in Los Angeles. (University of Illinois, 1999), pp. 119 and 121
  • álvarez, Luis Manuel and Cristóbal Díaz Ayala, ed. Acángana: 100 Years of Puerto Rican Music (San Juan, PR: Banco Popular, 2000)
  • Olivieri, Luis. “Apuntes hacia una historia del desarrollo coral en Puerto Rico,” in Coral (San Juan, Puerto Rico: Sociedad Puertorriqueña de Directores de Coros, Inc., 1999), vol. 11, no. 2, p. 17
  • Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal, ed. Antología de las cien mejores canciones populares puertorriqueñas del siglo XX. (San Juan, PR: Disco Hit, 1999)
  • Martínez-Solá, Jorge. “La marcha comienza: La música y los músicos ‘clásicos’ en Puerto Rico en el siglo XX.” La Marcha de los jíbaros 1898-1997: Cien años de música puertorriqueña por el mundo. Cristóbal Díaz Ayala, ed. Cristóbal, ed. (San Juan, PR: Editorial Plaza Mayor, 1998) p. 41
  • Ficher, Miguel, Martha Furman and John M. Furman, ed. Latin American Classical Composers: a Biographical Dictionary (Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1994) p. 347 Bibliotheque Internationale de Musique Contemporaine, Paris 1998
  • Quintero, ángel G. Salsa, sabor y control (México: Editorial Siglo XXI, 1998) p. 355
  • Cummings, D.M., ed. “Raymond Torres-Santos,” International Who’s Who in Music, (Cambridge, MA 16/1998)
  • “Raymond Torres-Santos,” Baker’s Biographical Dictionary of 20th Century Classical Musicians, (New York, NY: Schirmer Books, 1997) p. 1397
  • Ortíz, William. “A “Panoramic View of Puerto Rican New Music,” in World New Music Magazine, VI, Cologne, September 1996
  • Special acting appearance in the motion picture, Linda Sara. Directed and produced by Jacobo Morales for Cinesi Films, San Juan, PR 1995 Puerto Rico A-to-Z Encyclopedia, San Juan, PR 1995
  • Bio-Bibliographical Dictionary of Latin American Composers, New York, NY 1990/1994
  • Camuñas, Carlos. “Ejemplo del músico ideal,” Diálogo (San Juan, PR) (Oct 1992), p. 36
  • American Keyboard Artists, USA 1990
  • Slonimsky, Nicolas, ed. “Raymond Torres-Santos,” Baker’s Biographical Dictionary of Musicians (New York, NY: Schirmer Books, 1990)
  • Deglans, Kerlinda and L.E. Pabón-Roca: Catálogo de música clásica contemporánea de Puerto Rico (Río Piedras, PR. 1989)
  • American Keyboard Artists, Chicago Biographical Center, 1988, p. 221
  • Lamoutte, Sylvia. “Raymond Torres en pleno apogeo de su carrera,” El Nuevo Día, San Juan, PR 7-I-1988, 78
  • Olivieri, Luis. “Elegía de Reyes”, Coral, 4/3 (1987): 9.
  • American Contemporary Composers: a Biographical Dictionary (Boston, MA 1987)
  • García, Tony. “Raymond Torres-Santos: Portrait of a Multi-Talented Musician.” Overture, 56, IX Los Angeles, CA Sept (1986), 12 only.
  • Editor. “Raymond Torres-Santos.” Downbeat Magazine, V 1987, 62